This document is a manual for developers who wish to contribute to the HLVM project. It covers topics such as copyright assignment, license, coding style, the build system and project rules.
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HLVM Developer's GuideCAUTION: This document is a work in progress.
IntroductionThis document is a manual for developers who wish to contribute to the HLVM project. It covers topics such as copyright assignment, license, coding style, the build system and project rules. ContributionsContributions to the HLVM source base are very much appreciated. If you are able to contribute source code, this section provides details about how your contributions will be handled. CopyrightThe founders of the HLVM project intend for a formal non-profit legal entity to be incorporated that will hold the copyright of all HLVM software. This legal entity has not yet been incorporated. When there is sufficient software to warrant the incorporation, the founders of the project will form the corporation and at that time all software contributed to the project will become the property of that corporation. By contributing software to the HLVM project, you agree to the following terms:
LicenseIt is the intention of the HLVM project to release the HLVM software for distribution under the terms of the Lesser General Public License (LGPL). This license was chosen by the founds for the following reasons:
See below for the complete text of the LGPL license PatchesThe HLVM group welcomes your patches. If you find something wrong with the HLVM software or you wish to make a contribution to extend HLVM, you may send your patches to hlvm-dev@hlvm.org. To make things easier for everyone, please follow these guidelines when submitting patches:
Build SystemThis section describes the HLVM build system. About SCONSThe HLVM project uses the scons software construction tool to orchestrate its builds. This gives us superior dependency checking and a much more flexible tool for developing the build system. We started with "make" but were convinced of SCons superiority after trying it for a week. If you're not familiar with it, please read up on it and get a general understanding. You don't need detailed understanding because all you will most likely need to do is follow the instructions in this section. ConfiguringConfiguration On Every BuildUnlike some other build systems (e.g. autoconf/automake), the configuration and construction phases of building are not separated with scons. The configuration parameters are checked every time you build. While you might think that will slow things down, it doesn't. The configuration information is cached and proceeds quite quickly once your configuration is stable. If something changes in your environment, only those pieces affected will get re-configured. This saves a lot of time and hassle by telling you of any configuration errors on the very next build. The Options CacheConfiguration parameters are specified on the scons command line. The values of these parameters are stored in the options cache which is simply a file named .options_cache in the root source directory. If the file doesn't exist, it will be created the first time you run scons. On subsequent runs, the values are loaded from this cache and used unless new values are given on the command line. In this way, you only need to specify your options once and then they "stick" from that point forward. Configuration OptionsHLVM has a variety of options to assist with configuring HLVM for your environment and build choices. Each option has a default that will work in many environments but might need adjusting for your environment. The default assumes various software packages are in /usr/local and that a fully debuggable version of HLVM should be built. The table below provides the full list of options.
Configuration PromptsWhen you first run scons against HLVM, if you did not specify the confpath option or the configuration code cannot otherwise find a package it needs, you will be prompted to enter the applicable path names manually. You only need to do this once as the values you enter will be remembered in the .options_cache file. These prompts will repeat until you enter a path in which the package is properly recognized. If you wish to abort this, just enter exit or quit at any prompt. Build RulesThis subsection describes the various build rules and extensions to SCons that HLVM uses. The build python moduleFor convenience, and to unclutter the SConscript files, the top level build directory contains a python module that provides the build facilities for HLVM. This module manipulates an SCons environment to set the variables and define the builder rules for HLVM. The public interface to this library is in the hlvm.py module. No other module should be imported into the SConscript files. HLVM Builder RulesHLVM requires some specialized build rules beyond what SCons provides. While general construction of static libraries, shared libraries, and executables use the standard SCons builders, several more are defined in the build python module. The table below describes the HLVM specific builders.
A Sane Build EnvironmentBuilding HLVM is no small feat. It depends on a lot of software that is quite version dependent. To bring a little sanity to the process, here is a step-by-step procedure we know to work. Build SeparationIn building HLVM, you'll be installing compilers and library that may already exist on your system. You don't want to overwrite your system versions of these things or it will wreak havoc on your system. So, we suggest that you start with a fresh directory. In the discussion that follows, we'll call it /proj (that's what Reid uses). But, it could be anything you want, as long as its new. ~/hlvm would work just as well. IMPORTANT: Choosing the disk location for these builds should not be taken lightly. You will need upwards of 40GB of storage on a 32-bit machine to build all this software. Don't assume your home directory has enough space! Once you've found a suitable location for HLVM, create the following directory structure: cd /proj mkdir gcc llvm llvm-gcc4 libxml2 apr apru hlvm gperf scons install In the following sections you will build each of these packages and install them into /proj/install which will keep it separate from anything else in your system. Build GCC 3.4.6First, start with obtaining GCC 3.4.6. This will be the compiler that you use for all the remaining compilations. Use the following commands to obtain, build and install GCC 3.4.6: cd /proj/gcc mkdir build svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/tags/gcc_3_4_6_release src cd ../build ../src/configure --prefix=/proj/install make make install Set EnvironmentNow that you have gcc installed in a separate location, you will need to change your environment to ensure that that version of gcc is the one used in subsequent builds. Details vary from platform to platform, but on Linux, the following should work: export PATH=/proj/install/bin:$PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/proj/install/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH The essential point is to change your environment so that programs and libraries installed into /proj/install will be found first. You should do this in any shell environment in which you'll be building HLVM related software. Build gperfThis package is used for generating perfect hash functions. It is used by HLVM for fast recognition of XML element and attribute names. Its easy and fast to build: cd /proj/gperf wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/gnu/gperf/gperf-2.7.2.tar.gz tar zxf gperf-2.7.2.tar.gz mkdir build cd build ../gperf-2.7.2/configure --prefix=/proj/install make make install You can probably use any version after 2.7. We know it works with 2.7.2 and 3.0.1. Build libxml2This package provides all XML services for HLVM. It is part of GNome and many other packages and quite stable. It should build quickly and easily for you. Use these commands: cd /proj/libxml2 wget ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxml2-2.6.24.tar.gz tar zxf libxml2-2.6.24.tar.gz mkdir build cd build ../libxml2-2.6.24/configure --prefix=/proj/install make make install Build aprThe Apache Portable Runtime is a portability layer used within the Apache HTTP Server. Although it is still undergoing active development, stable releases are available. HLVM uses APR for portability in the runtime. Build APR with the following commands:
cd /proj/apr
wget http://mirror.olnevhost.net/pub/apache/apr/apr-1.2.7.tar.gz
tar zxf apr-1.2.7.tar.gz
mkdir build
cd apr-1.2.7
./buildconf
cd ../build
../apr-1.2.7/configure --prefix=/proj/install --enable-debug \
--enable-threads --enable-other-child
make
make install
Build apr-utilThe apr-util package is some additional utilities that go with APR. Build apr-util with the following commands:
cd /proj/apru
wget http://mirror.olnevhost.net/pub/apache/apr/apr-util-1.2.7.tar.gz
tar zxf apr-1.2.7.tar.gz
mkdir build
cd apr-util-1.2.7
./buildconf
cd ../build
../apr-util-1.2.7/configure --prefix=/proj/install --enable-debug \
--enable-threads --enable-other-child
make
make install
Build LLVMFor now, you must build LLVM from the CVS repository. Although LLVM is actively being developed, it is generally stable and this is safe. If you get tempted to use a release tarball, it will fail. HLVM depends on post-1.7 features of LLVM. When you build LLVM, use the "tools-only" target. This will avoid building the "runtime" portion of LLVM which was necessary for an older version of llvm-gcc (v3). Since we'll be using llvm-gcc4, this is unnecessary and will eliminate some chicken-and-egg type problems. cd /proj/llvm cvs -d :pserver:anon@llvm-cvs.cs.uiuc.edu:/var/cvs/llvm login <return> cvs -z3 -d :pserver:anon@llvm-cvs.cs.uiuc.edu:/var/cvs/llvm co llvm mkdir build cd build ../llvm/configure --prefix=/proj/install make tools-only make install make ENABLE_OPTIMIZED=1 OPTIMIZE_OPTION=-O2 tools-only Build llvm-gcc4Apple provides a Subversion repository for llvm-gcc4. You need this latest version because HLVM depends on some of the features. You might find this one a bit tricky. See the README.LLVM file in the top source directory for additional help and late breaking news.
cd /proj/llvm-gcc4
svn co svn://anonsvn.opensource.apple.com/svn/llvm cfe
mkdir build install
cd build
../cfe/configure --prefix=/proj/llvm-gcc4/cfe/install \
--enable-llvm=/proj/llvm/build --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-threads \
--program-prefix=llvm-
make
make install
Note that the --disable-threads option is a temporary workaround until LLVM's PR822 (supporting weak-external linkage) is implemented. This should be fixed by September, 2006 at which time --disable-threads won't be needed any more. IMPORTANT: You MUST install llvm-gcc4 into its own installation area. Do NOT be tempted to install it into /proj/install. If you do, it will overwrite your gcc 3.4.6 installation and you will have corrupted your build environment. You've been warned. Install SConsAs noted earlier, HLVM uses the SCons tool for its builds. You need version 0.96.92. Install it like this: cd /proj/scons wget http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/scons/scons-0.96.92.tar.gz tar zxf scons-0.96.92.tar.gz python config.py install Alternatively, you could use one of the SCons packages, such as: cd /proj/scons wget http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/scons/scons-0.96.92-1.noarch.rpm rpm --install scons-0.96.92-1.noarch.rpm Build HLVMNote in the following that if you've actually used /proj as your build area then you don't need to provide any arguments to make as these paths are the default. Also note that the arguments are only needed the first time you build HLVM. Subsequently, these options will be remembered. See the description of SCons above.
cd /proj/hlvm
svn co svn://hlvm.org/hlvm hlvm
cd hlvm
make debug MYMODE=Debug MYPREFIX=/proj/install MYPATH=/proj/install \
MYLLVMGCC=/proj/llvm/cfe/install/bin
Coding StyleContributions to HLVM must meet the following Coding Style requirements:
AppendicesLesser General Public License
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Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our
decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status
of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY
AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU
FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that
everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting
redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the
ordinary General Public License).
To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is
safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
{one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
Copyright (C) {year} {name of author}
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1990
Ty Coon, President of Vice
That's all there is to it!
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